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History of Psychiatry
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Between Kraepelin and Freud: the integrative psychiatry of August Hoch

Shirley A. Martin

University of Chicago, samartin{at}midway.uchicago.edu

Through examination of the career of the psychiatrist August Hoch (1868—1919), this essay challenges two assumptions implicit in histories of US progressive-era psychiatry: that the emergence of Freudian psychoanalysis signalled a devaluation of Kraepelin's contributions and that theoretical and therapeutic eclecticism inhibited psychiatric research. Locating Hoch's guiding principles within the context of Kraepelin's clinical psychiatry, I analyse how Hoch mediated the demands of classification and the dynamic understanding of persons in prosecuting a new kind of clinical research that would not have been possible within either the Kraepelinian or Freudian perspective alone.

Key Words: August Hoch • dynamic psychiatry • Emil Kraepelin • psychoanalysis • Sigmund Freud • USA

History of Psychiatry, Vol. 18, No. 3, 275-299 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0957154X06065266
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