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History of Psychiatry, Vol. 17, No. 4, 395-418 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0957154X06059440

The blood of the insane

Richard Noll

DeSales University, Richard.Noll{at}desales.edu

The history of serological investigations of the blood of the insane is traced from the initial such study in 1854 by a solitary Scottish asylum physician, who counted the blood cells of his lunatic patients under a weak microscope, to the January 2005 announcement by an international team of geneticists of the development of a genomic blood test that can differentially diagnose schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The story of the first claim of the development of a blood test for madness in 1912 -the Abderhalden defensive ferments reaction test -is related in detail. Studies of the blood of the insane have followed four general methodological paradigms: the corpuscular richness paradigm (1854); the metabolic paradigm (c. 1895); the immunoserodiagnostic paradigm (1906); and the medical genomics paradigm (2005).

Key Words: Abderhalden defensive ferments reaction test • blood of the insane • dementia praecox • manic-depressive insanity • schizophrenia • serology and psychiatry


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R. Noll
Kraepelin's 'lost biological psychiatry'? Autointoxication, organotherapy and surgery for dementia praecox.
History of Psychiatry, September 1, 2007; 18(71 Pt 3): 301 - 320.
[Abstract] [PDF]